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Inhalant Dependence: Children and Teens

What are inhalants?

They are chemicals that produce fumes, such as glue, paint thinner, or lighter fluid. Dependence means a person feels that they cannot function without using the drug.

Children and teens abuse them because they are easy to get and have mind-altering effects when sniffed or "huffed." These chemicals reach the lungs and bloodstream very quickly and can be deadly.

High concentrations of the fumes can cause heart failure or suffocation. Using them with other depressant drugs such as alcohol or sleeping pills can be fatal.

Using them regularly for a long time can cause permanent health problems. These include memory loss, brain damage, personality changes, muscular weakness, fatigue, and nerve damage starting in the hands and feet. They permanently harm your liver, kidneys, eyes, bone marrow, heart, and blood vessels.

Young people who use them heavily may not learn how to solve problems, handle their emotions, or become responsible adults.

Children born to inhalant-abusing mothers may have growth and development problems.

How does it occur?

They change body chemistry, especially in the brain. At first you use the drugs because they may make you feel better. As you become dependent, you believe life is impossible unless you continue to use the drug.

People have a higher risk of becoming dependent on them if they:

have a mental illness such as depression or anxiety

have a family history of drug abuse

abuse other drugs.

What are the symptoms?

You may be dependent on them if you have been using them and:

cannot control your movements, get clumsy, and slur your words

become psychotic (for example, think you can fly and injure yourself)

lose your sex drive or show odd sexual behavior

develop disturbed thinking or become paranoid

get depressed

start acting odd, suspicious, dramatic, or antisocial

use them all through the day

have problems such as missing school or work, fighting, and losing friends

are not able to cut back or stop using them even though you know they are hurting you

feel exhilarated ("high") and are hyperactive

have trouble making sensible decisions

get sleepy and may move slowly

have ringing in the ears, dizziness, and blurred vision

get nervous, upset and disoriented

have headaches and chest and stomach pains

feel sick to your stomach and throw up

have weak muscles and trouble speaking

hallucinate (see or hear things that aren't there)

get aggressive and violent.

How is it diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and substance use and examine you. A sample of your urine may be tested for drug use.

How is it treated?

For any treatment to work, you must want to give up using inhalants.

If you have used them for a long time, withdrawal is not easy. When you stop inhaling, you may go through withdrawal symptoms, such as being irritable, restless, depressed, slow, and tired. You may get aggressive or have chills, headaches, and hallucinations. It is best to stop use of them under supervised care.

You may be prescribed antipsychotic medicines such as haloperidol (Haldol), aripiprazole (Abilify), risperidone (Risperdal), olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), or ziprasidone (Geodon).

How long will effects last?

Psychotherapy or drug rehab treatment do not always help people who abuse them. Users often go back to abusing inhalants and need 30 to 40 days or more of medical detoxification. Follow-up treatment is very important.

How can I take care of myself?

The best way to help yourself is to see your healthcare provider and stop using them.

Changing your lifestyle can also help you to stop using inhalants. Make the following a regular part of your life:

Exercise 30 minutes 3 times a week.

Relax. Practice deep breathing exercises when you feel stressed. Talk with supportive people, listen to music, watch movies, or take walks.

Think of good things about your life often.

Eat healthy meals.

Avoid caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol

Get 7 to 9 hours of rest each night.

Get help at home and work when the load is too great to handle.

Seek professional help for dealing with especially stressful events in your life.

If you or someone you know is seeking help for inhalant abuse, contact the National Inhalant Prevention Coalition at 1-800-269-4237 for information on treatment centers.

Published by McKesson Corporation.

This content is reviewed periodically and is subject to change as new health information becomes available. The information is intended to inform and educate and is not a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional.

Developed by McKesson Corporation

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